hey Hellite,
if you want to move files into your virtual machine you need to open windows explorer (i.e. any folder on windows).
in the address toolbar type this:
\\debian\usr
a box should appear and ask you for a username and password: use the same ones when you logged on your virtual machine. Sometimes windows can't see \\debian\usr because of firewalls, disconnect from the internet and then disable firewalls and try again.
Now that you have moved to debian\usr you should see the same file structure as your VM sees, move your patches in the same dir as the source code and patch away.
If you don't want to type the whole filename I think you can auto complete by pressing tab once you've typed the first couple letters. if that doesnt work type this:
vmware-toolbox&
you should be able to copy, switch to your VM and paste (use shift + ins to paste in your VM)
there, hope that helps, and good luck compiling.
p.s. I might be a bit fuzzy on vmware stuff, I compile in linux because that's the OS i run.