So finally Toshiba MK2431GEH arrived. I went on to mount it in H10: 1. connected to PC with PATA-USB adapter 2.initialized as primary partition (whole 240GB) 3. formatted with guiformat.exe to FAT32.
Then I put it inside H10 and connected to PC in USB mode. W7 sees only 128GB HDD and asks for formatting.
Formatted, data loaded, H10 works under Rockbox.
Unhappy with that, I started to IRC for solution. It came out that there is a limitation in Rockbox supported HDD capacity because of old LDA28 addressing.
#rockbox IRC user gevaerts (many thanks again, gevaerts) had compiled for me a build with multivolume support and - more important - a build which would allow W7 to recognize 2 (maybe more?) partitions in removable drive when USB connected.
First tries were faulty, however, I surely was doing something wrong in a hurry. After consulting with gevaerts I decided to go through the process once again, with all steps carried more carefully.
The final result: full success - now I have 223GB (~240.000.000.000 bytes) H10!
Hint: my fault in understanding the procedure was that I tried to perform all actions in "emergency connection" - USB mode. This was wrong. This method led me to 128GB capacity in 2 partitions and nothing more could be seen on horizon. Then something went into my mind - maybe it's H10 fault? When I start in "emergency connection", diskpart sees 128GB because of H10 flash firmware, which manages the device.
I tried then to connect via USB in normal mode, it took a long time (1-1,5 min) for W7 to recognize H10/Rockbox as multimedia device. Then I saw to my astonishment that diskpart shows now 223GB with some space unallocated. EaseUS did the rest - I allocated and formatted the remaining space and then merged all partitions into one.
Now I'm going to test it extensively.