First of all, only Sandisk can really answer what kind of checks they built in to stop DRM from working.
Also I don't know if DRM is really disabled or not for all players under all circumstances, I don't have DRM-ed tracks myself. It seemed to happen for some people, so a warning about DRM and rockbox was added for all AMS (c200v2, e200v2, clipv1, fuze) and all AMSv2 (fuzev2, clipv2, clip+) players.
Rockbox does indeed change the real-time clock in the sansa fuze v2, for example resetting it to a sane date if it contains invalid time.
When adjusting the time in the original firmware (OF), the time in the real-time clock isn't really changed, the OF just adjusts an internal clock offset that is stored separately. Perhaps the internal time is indeed something that the OF uses to stop DRM from working.
When installing a rockbox bootloader, we basically replace the original firmware with a new image that contains both the original firmware and the rockbox bootloader (both compressed, to make both of them fit in the same space). Perhaps the OF does a full checksum over the area where the firmware is stored, which will be different after rockbox bootloader installation.