Try entering disk mode of the iPod's low-level firmware, by restarting the iPod using Menu+Select (or by shutting down Rockbox and then pressing any key to turn on the iPod again) and, immediately after this press and hold Select+Play until "Ready to disconnect" appears on the screen (the backlight WON'T turn on). Now connect the iPod to the PC as usual, update Rockbox to the current build (not the stable release), safely eject the iPod (on Windows it's something called "Remove safely" I think) and when on the screen of the iPod it shows "Ready to disconnect" again, press Menu+Select.
Rockbox should startup again as usual, now with the updated version. Try connecting the iPod to the PC from Rockbox and tell us the results.
If you have any doubts doing anything of this, don't hesitate to ask.