Probably the best case scenario is just that your file system has become corrupted, which is causing problems for Rockbox, your PC, and the OF. Somewhere in the Sansa's settings (possibly under System), there should be an option to format the flash memory in the device. If FS corruption is the problem, that should hopefully fix it, assuming the problem is not in hardware and the formatting tool is well-made. Of course, if that's not the problem--which is quite possible--it may do nothing; still, it's probably the least invasive thing you can try to fix it, so a good place to start.
Obviously, formatting will erase anything you have on the Sansa, but since you can't access any of your stuff anyway, that's not a significant loss. If it works, you may be able to recover some or all (or none) of your data using an app like TestDisk, which is designed for that purpose, but ideally you should have backups of anything you put on your DAP anyway.