The Equaliser is not in the DAC/codec it is part of Rockbox - it is applied to the decoded PCM before it is passed to the codec, as are effects like replay gain, and crossfeed. The volume of line out can be effected by using the preamp gain for DSP functions.
Things like volume are done in the codec, and for hardware that supports it treble and bass too, but I don't know what the iPod codec does.
The data sheets for most of the hardware(where they're available) are available in the wiki.