Well, I seem to have fixed almost everything. Here's the full break down of what I did.
1. Rewrote the mount point to /media/sansa (MISTAKE!)
2. Booted into recovery mode on the Sansa and downgraded firmware from 1.01.05 to 1.01.03.
3. In "Settings" on the Sansa c240, selected USB, and moved type to MSC.
4. Took to a computer with XP. Now it has a drive letter, rockbox is an easy install. but Ubuntu still ignores it and now all USB connections.
5. On a whim, decided to delete the mount point I made at /media/sansa/. This solved all USB problems. Everything is recognized as what it is again, the Sansa, the digi cam, the external hard drive, the jump drive, the bluetooth adapter. Everything normal and functional.
BUT one problem remains. Ubuntu will only allow reading of files from the Sansa. Files are all Read-Only, and I can't find a way to fix this. I've seen several posts with this problem as well, but I haven't found an answer to it.
Thanks to everyone that helped!
-Jack